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Pleurisy: An inflammation of the visceral and parietal
pleurae that line the inside of the thoracic cage and envelop the lungs,
pleurisy usually begins suddenly.
Cause: Pleurisy develops as a complication of pneumonia, tuberculosis,
viruses, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, uremia, cancer,
pulmonary infarction, or chest trauma.
Symptoms:
Sharp, stabbing pain that increases with respiration may be so severe
that it limits movement on the affected side during breathing
Dyspnea
Auscultation reveals a characteristic pleural friction rub - a coarse,
creaky sound heard during late inspiration and early expiration, directly
over the area of pleural inflammation
Treatment:
Treatment usually symptomatic
Anti inflammatory agents
Analgesics
Bed rest
Severe pain may require intercostal nerve block.
Pleurisy with pleural effusion calls for therapeutic and diagnostic
thoracentesis
Acute pyelonephritis or kidney infection:
One of the most common renal diseases. Pyelonephritis most commonly
results from an ascending infection. The most common infecting organism
is Escherichia coli. Others are Proteus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus
aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis. It primarily affects the interstitial
area and the renal pelvis and,...
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